Usuku lweSifo seswekile lweHlabathi lelona phulo lokwazisa ngehlabathi jikelele ligxile kwisifo seswekile kwaye libanjwa nge-14 kaNovemba ngonyaka.
Yayikhokelwa yi-International Diabetes Federation (IDF), usuku ngalunye lwe-World Diabetes Day lugxile kumxholo onxulumene nesifo sikashukela;uhlobo-2 seswekile kuthintelwa kwaye sinyangeka isifo non-yosuleleka ngokukhawuleza ukwanda ngamanani ehlabathini lonke.Udidi loku-1 lweswekile aluthinteleki kodwa lunokulawulwa ngeenaliti ze-insulin.Imixholo efunyenweyo ibandakanya isifo seswekile namalungelo oluntu, isifo seswekile nendlela yokuphila, isifo seswekile nokutyeba, isifo seswekile kwabo bahlelelekileyo nabasemngciphekweni, nesifo seswekile ebantwaneni nabafikisayo.
Yintoni isifo seswekile?
Isifo seswekile sisifo esinganyangekiyo esenzeka xa i-pancreas ingavelisi i-insulin eyaneleyo okanye umzimba awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo i-insulin oyivelisayo.I-insulin yihomoni elawula iswekile yegazi.I-Hyperglycemia, okanye iswekile yegazi ephakanyisiweyo, sisiphumo esiqhelekileyo seswekile esingalawulekiyo, ethi ekuhambeni kwexesha idale umonakalo kwiinkqubo ezininzi emzimbeni, ngakumbi imithambo-luvo kunye nemithambo yegazi.
Uvavanyo olunxulumene nesifo seswekile ikakhulu luvavanyo lweswekile yegazi, kubandakanywa iswekile yegazi ekhawulezayo, uvavanyo lokunyamezela iswekile (OGTT), kunye ne-glycosylated hemoglobin.Nangona uvavanyo lweswekile yegazi lusetyenziswa kakhulu, kusenokubakho izinto ezingeloncedo.Umzekelo, inokubeka iliso kuphela inqanaba leswekile yegazi emzimbeni, kwaye itshekhi enye yokuzila ukutya kweglucose yegazi inokubangela ukuba isifo seswekile siphoswe.phezulu okanye eqhelekileyo.Ekubeni i-hyperglycemia ibangelwa ziziphene ekukhuselweni kwe-insulin okanye iziphumo zayo zebhayoloji, okanye zombini, kukho imfuneko yezalathisi ezicacileyo zokufumanisa ukukhutshwa kwe-insulin kwiinkqubo zeklinikhi.
Intshayelelo ye-insulin kunye ne-C-peptide:
I-insuliniquka ama-amino acids angama-51 aquka amatyathanga amabini epeptide, A kunye no-B, adityaniswe kunye ngamabhondi amabini e-disulfide.Ithathwe kwiiseli ze-β-pancreatic.Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-glucose kunye nokuveliswa kwe-glycogen, kunye nokuvimbela i-gluconeogenesis.Ngaloo ndlela kugcinwe uzinzo lweswekile yegazi.
C-peptideikhutshwa yipancreatic β-cell kwaye ine-precursor eqhelekileyo, iproinsulin, ene-insulin.Iproinsulin ihlulwe ibe yi-1 molekyuli ye-insulin kunye ne-1 molekyuli ye-C-peptide, ngoko ubunzima be-molar ye-C-peptide buhambelana ne-insulin yayo, kwaye ukulinganisa i-C-peptide kukulinganisa umxholo we-insulin.Kwangaxeshanye, ayiculwa sisibindi njenge-insulin kwinkqubo yemetabolism, kwaye isiqingatha sobomi bayo bude kune-insulin, ngoko umxholo we-C-peptide kwigazi le-peripheral uzinzile ngakumbi kune-insulin, kwaye akunjalo. uchatshazelwa yi-insulin yangaphandle,ngoko inokubonakalisa ngcono ukusebenza kwePancreatic β-cell.
Ziziphi iimpawu zeklinikhi?
I-insulin kunye ne-C-peptide zizalathisi ezibalulekileyo zokubona i-insulin.Ngolu vavanyo zimbini, izigulana zinokwazi ukuba ngaba ziswele i-insulin ngokupheleleyo okanye ziswele i-insulin, nokuba ziluhlobo loku-1 lweswekile okanye uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile.
Uhlobo loku-1 lweswekile, eyayisaziwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile esixhomekeke kwi-insulin, ichaza malunga10%yenani lilonke labaguli abanesifo seswekile kwaye kaninzi kwenzeka ebantwaneni nakulutsha.
Isizathu kukuba iiseli ze-pancreatic islet B zitshatyalaliswa yi-cell-mediated autoimmunity kwaye azikwazi ukudibanisa kunye nokukhupha i-insulin ngokwayo.Kunokubakho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-autoantibodies kwi-serum ekuqaleni kwesi sifo.Xa uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile lwenzeka, iimpawu zesifo seswekile zibonakala ngakumbi, kwaye i-ketosis ithande ukwenzeka, oko kukuthi, kukho ukuthambekela kwe-ketosis, kwaye kufuneka kuxhomekeke kwi-insulin yangaphandle ukuze uphile.Nje ukuba unyango lwe-insulin luyekisiwe, luya kubeka ubomi esichengeni.Emva kokufumana unyango lwe-insulin, umsebenzi weeseli ze-pancreatic islet B uyaphucuka, inani leeseli ze-B liyanda, iimpawu zeklinikhi ziyaphucuka, kwaye umthamo we-insulin unokuncitshiswa.Eli lixesha elibizwa ngokuba yi-honeymoon, elinokuhlala iinyanga ezininzi.Emva koko, njengoko isifo siqhubeka,kuseyimfuneko ukuthembela kwi-insulin yoncedo lwangaphandle ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi kunye nokuthintela ukuveliswa komzimba we-ketone.
Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile, eyayisaziwa njengesifo seswekile esingaxhomekekanga kwi-insulin, ilandisa malunga90%kwinani lilonke labaguli abanesifo seswekile, kwaye uninzi lwabo lufunyaniswa emva kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala.
Ukuqala kucotha kwaye kukhohlakele.Iiseli ze-Islet zikhupha i-insulin engaphezulu okanye encinci, okanye eqhelekileyo, kwaye incopho ye-secretion shifts kamva.Ngokumalunga ne-60% yezigulane ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 zigqithise okanye zigqithise.Ukutya ixesha elide, ukutya okunekhalori ephezulu, ukutyeba kancinci kancinci, kunye nokutyeba kakhulu.Ukutyeba kakhulu kukhokelela ekunganyangekiyo kwe-insulin, ukunyuka kweswekile yegazi, kwaye akukho tyekelo lucacileyo lwe-ketosis.Uninzi lwezigulane zinokulawula ngokuzinzileyo iswekile yegazi emva kokulawulwa kokutya kunye neziyobisi zomlomo ze-hypoglycemic;kunjalo, ezinye izigulana, ingakumbi abatyebe kakhulu, kufuneka insulin exogenous ukulawula iswekile yegazi.Udidi lwesi-2 lweswekile lunelifa elicacileyo losapho.
Indlela yokuthintela isifo seswekile?
Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-422 yezigidi zabantu abadala emhlabeni jikelele babe nesifo sikashukela kwi-2014, ukusuka kwi-108 yezigidi kwi-1980. Ngaphezu koko, ukuxhaphaka kwehlabathi jikelele kwesifo sikashukela kuye kwaphindaphinda kabini ukususela ngo-1980, ukusuka kwi-4.7% ukuya kwi-8.5% yabantu abadala.Isifo seswekile sibulala abantu abazizigidi ezisisi-3.4 ngonyaka kwaye, ukuba asinyangwanga kakuhle, sinokubangela ukukhubazeka ngokwasemzimbeni kuquka nokungaboni.Oku kuphakamisa ukuba izinto ezinobungozi ezinxulumene nokutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba nazo ziyanda.Ukuxhaphaka kwesifo seswekile kuye kwanda ngokukhawuleza kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye nephakathi kunamazwe anengeniso ephezulu kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ngonyango lwezonyango kunye nokulawulwa kokuziphatha, abantu abanesifo sikashukela banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo kunye nobomi njengabantu abaphilileyo.
Ke, masabelane nawe ngeendlela ezimbalwa zokuthintela isifo seswekile:
1. Yenza umthambo: Ukuzilolonga rhoqo yenye yezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuthintela okanye ukulawula uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile.Enyanisweni, kokubili ukungasebenzi komzimba kunye nokungasebenzi ixesha elide kunokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo seswekile.Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kunokuphucula amandla emisipha yokusebenzisa i-insulin kunye nokufunxa iswekile, kwaye kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwiiseli ezithile ezivelisa i-insulin.Ukuzilolonga kunenye inzuzo, yokuba kunokukunceda unciphise umzimba.Ngalo lonke ixesha unokuchitha iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki usenza umthambo imizuzu engama-30 ngexesha ngalinye, kuya kuba luncedo olukhulu ekuphuculeni uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-cholesterol.Ukuzivocavoca yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokulwa nesifo seswekile.
2. Ukutya okunempilo: Ukutya okunempilo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni okanye ekulawuleni isifo seswekile.Xa ukhetha iziselo, kufuneka ukhethe amanzi alula, iziselo ezingenaswekile, okanye ikofu engenaswekile, kwaye uhlale kude neziselo ezineswekile.Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abasela rhoqo iziselo ezineswekile badla ngokutyeba kakhulu.Ukongeza, iziselo ezineswekile zinokuba negalelo ekunganyangekiyo kwe-insulin.Ngokubhekiselele kwi-fat intake, kufuneka ugweme "amafutha amabi" kwaye ukhethe "amafutha amahle".Ukutya i-oyile yemifuno kunye namafutha e-nut kunokunyusa ukwamkelwa kwe-glucose ngama-insulin receptors kwimisipha yomntu kunye nokunceda ukukhusela uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile.Nciphisa indlela otya ngayo iicarbohydrates ezilungisiweyo, ezifana nesonka esimhlophe kunye nerayisi, njengoko zinokunyusa iswekile yegazi kunye ne-insulin.Okokugqibela, nciphisa ukutya kwakho inyama ebomvu kwaye uzame ukutya imithombo enempilo yeprotheyini, efana nenkukhu okanye intlanzi.
3. Ukulawula ubunzima: Ukutyeba ngoyena nobangela mkhulu wohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile.Abantu abatyebe ngokugqithiseleyo banamathuba angama-20 ukuya kwangama-40 amathuba okuba babe nesifo seswekile kunabantu abanobunzima obuqhelekileyo.Isifo seswekile sinokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye silawulwe ngokutya okunesondlo, okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo.Ngokutsho kwe-"Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP)" isifundo e-United States, xa kuthelekiswa nezigulane ezifumene unyango lwe-placebo, izigulane ezithatha iminyaka emithathu yokungenelela kwindlela yokuphila (ILS) zine-58% yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sikashukela.Kuyaphawuleka ukuba izifundiswa ziye zafumanisa ukuba, ngokomyinge, ikhilogram nganye elahlekileyo inciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo seswekile nge-16%, kwaye la manani kufuneka asebenze njengenkuthazo yokuba ugcine ubunzima obunempilo.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwempilo rhoqo: Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwempilo kunye nokuhlolwa kwesifo seswekile kunokunika ulwazi olubanzi malunga nokuba uliqela elisemngciphekweni omkhulu wesifo seswekile.Ukuhlolwa kwesifo seswekile kuya kujongwa "glycosylated hemoglobin” egazini kwaye “albumin” emchameni.Ukuba amanani amabini aphezulu kunesiqhelo, oko kuthetha ukuba unesifo seswekile.Sinikezela ngeNkqubo yesifo seswekile ukunceda ekuthinteleni, ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni isifo seswekile.Ukususela ekuchongeni izibonakaliso zesifo sikashukela ukuya kunyango lwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kunye nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, sinokubonelela ngonyango oluyimfuneko kunye nemfundo kwizigulane zesifo sikashukela, ukwenzela ukuba izigulane zibuyele kubomi obuqhelekileyo ngokusemandleni.
Impilo ye-insulinUVavanyo oluKhawulezayo loMbali lusebenzisa i-immunofluorescence.Idityaniswe neAehealth Lamuno Xuhlalutyo lwe-immunofluorescence, ingasetyenziselwa ukuncedisa ukuthayipha isifo seswekile kunye nokuxilongwa, ukwenzela ukuba kuchazwe iyeza elifanelekileyo.
Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo: I-5-15 min ifumana iziphumo;
Ukuthuthwa kobushushu begumbi kunye nokugcinwa;
Iziphumo ezithembekileyo: zihambelana nomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe.
https://www.aehealthgroup.com/immunoassay-system/
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-16-2022